SELECT * FROM (
    SELECT *, ROW_NUMBER() OVER (PARTITION BY category ORDER BY sales DESC) AS rank
    FROM sales
) ranked WHERE rank <= 3;
-- Output:
category    product_id    sales    rank
--------    ----------    -----    ----
Books       P103          1500     1
Books       P101          1200     2
Books       P105          950      3
Electronics E201          3500     1
Electronics E204          3200     2
Electronics E202          2800     3
Clothing    C301          890      1
Clothing    C304          780      2
Clothing    C302          650      3

SELECT * FROM (
    SELECT *, ROW_NUMBER() OVER (PARTITION BY email ORDER BY id) AS rn
    FROM customers
) duplicates WHERE rn > 1;
-- Output:
id    email               name           rn
--    ----------------    -----------    --
102   john@email.com     John Smith     2
105   sarah@email.com    Sarah Jones    2
108   mike@email.com     Mike Wilson    2
110   john@email.com     Johnny Smith   3

SELECT * FROM (
    SELECT *, ROW_NUMBER() OVER (ORDER BY date_created DESC) AS row_num
    FROM posts
) numbered WHERE row_num BETWEEN 1 AND 10;
-- Output:
post_id    title              date_created    row_num
-------    ---------------    ------------    -------
P001       Latest Update      2024-12-28     1
P002       Tech News          2024-12-27     2
P003       Product Launch     2024-12-26     3
P004       Company Update     2024-12-25     4
P005       Year in Review     2024-12-24     5
P006       Holiday Special    2024-12-23     6
P007       Market Analysis    2024-12-22     7
P008       Industry Trends    2024-12-21     8
P009       Success Story      2024-12-20     9
P010       Team Spotlight     2024-12-19     10